ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district， and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness of the elderly population. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the status quo of influenza vaccination among some elderly populations in Pingshan district； the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influential factors of influenza vaccination； the serum antibody levels of the elderly population were analyzed before and after influenza vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the survey had a better cognition of the main transmission mode of the influenza virus， 122 people answered correctly， and the accuracy was 87.1%. Age， knowledge that influenza vaccine should be given once a year and knowledge of Shenzhen’s free vaccination policy were the promoting factors for influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly. The positive rates of the four influenza antibodies （type A H1， type A H3， type B Victoria， type B Yamagata） after inoculation were higher than before inoculation， with statistical significance. The antibody titer levels after vaccination were generally higher than before. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of antibody testing and antibody titer in the elderly population after influenza vaccination are higher than before， which effectively protects the health of the elderly population. It is necessary to continuously improve the awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the structure of the visual organ and functional development of marine medaka and to provide a theoretical basis for further studying its behavior. Methods The structure of visual organ of marine medaka was examined, with emphasis on the variations of its eyeball and retina. Results The medaka visual organ developed very rapidly. At the embryonic period, the pigment layer of the eyeball appeared, and there already had a significant eye area. At the first day,the structural development of the eyeball and retina were basically completed. At the 6th day, there was a significant difference of pigment layer and photoreceptor layer between light and dark vision. At the 23th day,the retinal structure was greatly changed, which can explain the reason about the change of medaka from the floating stage to the benthic stage. During from 9 to 14 month-old, the thickness of all layers in the retina decreased, indicating that the vision was degraded. Meanwhile,the kernel layer differentiation was obvious,as vertebral cells showed photoreceptor layer structure closely inlaid with rod cells, that medaka has good light sensitivity and strong visual acuity. The rapid development of medaka visual organ can be recognized as it needs to adapt the surroundings and to keep the life events such as feeding. Conclusions The development process of the visual organ of marine medaka is obvious and can provide a theoretical basis for further study of its behavior, and it may be a good experimental method for studying other related species.